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核定征稅按主營業務適用應稅所得率
近日,一從事(shi)電(dian)器零(ling)配件(jian)加工(gong)制造的企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)財務人員來電(dian)咨(zi)詢(xun),該(gai)(gai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)成立于(yu)2011年6月份(fen),屬增(zeng)值稅小規模納稅人,由(you)于(yu)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)財務核(he)算(suan)(suan)不健全,只能正確核(he)算(suan)(suan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)總額(e),生產成本費用(yong)無法準確核(he)算(suan)(suan),當地(di)稅務機關對其企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)所得(de)(de)稅實(shi)行(xing)核(he)定應(ying)稅所得(de)(de)率(lv)進(jin)行(xing)管理,應(ying)稅所得(de)(de)率(lv)執(zhi)行(xing)10%。由(you)于(yu)已經(jing)開始了2011年度(du)匯(hui)算(suan)(suan)清(qing)繳(jiao),該(gai)(gai)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)財務人員就企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)政策執(zhi)行(xing)過程中存在(zai)的個(ge)案問題提出咨(zi)詢(xun):一是(shi)核(he)定征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)所得(de)(de)稅的收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)是(shi)含(han)稅收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)還是(shi)不含(han)稅收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru);二是(shi)核(he)定征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是(shi)否還需要參加匯(hui)算(suan)(suan)清(qing)繳(jiao);三是(shi)核(he)定征(zheng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)包括哪(na)些項目,涉及不同應(ying)稅收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)(ru)時(shi),應(ying)稅所得(de)(de)率(lv)如何確定?
這(zhe)里,需要指(zhi)出(chu)的(de)是(shi),核(he)定(ding)征收(shou)(shou)(shou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)所(suo)得稅(shui)(shui)中(zhong)的(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)是(shi)不含(han)(han)稅(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)。由于該企(qi)(qi)業(ye)屬(shu)于小規(gui)模納稅(shui)(shui)人(ren),其流轉稅(shui)(shui)的(de)主體稅(shui)(shui)種是(shi)增值稅(shui)(shui),日常(chang)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)銷售過程中(zhong)的(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)中(zhong)所(suo)開具的(de)普通發(fa)票是(shi)包含(han)(han)增值稅(shui)(shui)的(de),因此,在核(he)定(ding)征收(shou)(shou)(shou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)所(suo)得稅(shui)(shui)時,對此收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru)應換算(suan)成不含(han)(han)稅(shui)(shui)收(shou)(shou)(shou)入(ru),并按適(shi)用的(de)應稅(shui)(shui)所(suo)得率,確(que)定(ding)應納稅(shui)(shui)所(suo)得額。
其(qi)次,除(chu)核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)額征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)(shou)外,以核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)應(ying)(ying)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)率方式為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)也要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行匯算(suan)清(qing)(qing)繳。《國(guo)家(jia)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務總局關于(yu)印發〈企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)(shou)辦(ban)法〉(試(shi)(shi)行)的(de)(de)(de)通知》(國(guo)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發[2008]30號(hao))第(di)四條(tiao)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務機關應(ying)(ying)根據(ju)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren)具體情況,對核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)(shou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren),其(qi)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)(shou)方式有(you)兩種一(yi)是(shi)核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)應(ying)(ying)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)率;二(er)是(shi)核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)應(ying)(ying)納(na)(na)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)額。核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)(shou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren),其(qi)匯算(suan)清(qing)(qing)繳,根據(ju)《國(guo)家(jia)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務總局關于(yu)印發〈企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)匯算(suan)清(qing)(qing)繳管理辦(ban)法〉的(de)(de)(de)通知》(國(guo)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)發[2009]79號(hao))第(di)三條(tiao)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),凡在(zai)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年度內(nei)從事生(sheng)產、經(jing)(jing)營(包括試(shi)(shi)生(sheng)產、試(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)營),或在(zai)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)年度中間終止經(jing)(jing)營活動的(de)(de)(de)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren),無論是(shi)否在(zai)減稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、免稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期間,也無論盈利或虧損,均應(ying)(ying)按照《企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)法》及其(qi)實施條(tiao)例和本(ben)辦(ban)法的(de)(de)(de)有(you)關規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)進(jin)(jin)行企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)匯算(suan)清(qing)(qing)繳。實行核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)額征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)(shou)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)納(na)(na)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)人(ren),不進(jin)(jin)行匯算(suan)清(qing)(qing)繳。即(ji)除(chu)核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)額征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收(shou)(shou)外,以核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)應(ying)(ying)稅(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)所(suo)(suo)(suo)得(de)率方式為(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)核(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)也要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行匯算(suan)清(qing)(qing)繳。
這里需要說明的是,對實行核定定額征稅的納稅人雖不進行匯算清繳,但也應根據國稅發[2008]30號文件第十四條第(三)款的規定,在其年度終了后,在規定的時限內按照實際經營額或實際應納稅額向稅務機關申報納稅。申報額超過核定經營額或應納稅額的,按申報額繳納稅款;申報額低于核定經營額或應納稅額的,按核定經營額或應納稅額繳納稅款。這實際也是一種簡化形式的“匯算清繳”。因為,國稅發[2008]30號文件第九條規定,納稅人的生產經營范圍、主營業務發生重大變化,或者應納稅所得額或應納稅額增減變化達到20%的,應及時向稅務機關申報調整已確定的應納稅額或應稅所得率。