注銷清算流程及稅務方面應注意事項
1、清(qing)算公司財(cai)產、制訂(ding)清(qing)算方案
(1)調(diao)查和清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)公司財(cai)產(chan)(chan)。清(qing)(qing)(qing)算(suan)組在催(cui)告債(zhai)權人申報(bao)債(zhai)權的同時,應(ying)當調(diao)查和清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)公司的財(cai)產(chan)(chan)。根據債(zhai)權人的申請(qing)和調(diao)查清(qing)(qing)(qing)理(li)的情況編(bian)制公司資產(chan)(chan)負債(zhai)表、財(cai)產(chan)(chan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)單和債(zhai)權、債(zhai)務目錄(lu)。應(ying)當指出(chu)的是,清(qing)(qing)(qing)算(suan)組在編(bian)制資產(chan)(chan)負債(zhai)表時,不得將公司財(cai)產(chan)(chan)價值低估。
(2)制訂清(qing)算(suan)方案。編(bian)制公(gong)司財務(wu)會(hui)計報告之(zhi)后,清(qing)算(suan)組(zu)應(ying)當制訂清(qing)算(suan)方案,提出(chu)收(shou)取(qu)債權和(he)清(qing)償債務(wu)的具(ju)體(ti)安(an)排。
(3)提(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)會通過(guo)或者報主管機關(guan)確(que)認(ren)。清算方案(an)(an)是公(gong)司清算的總方案(an)(an)。因(yin)此,股(gu)(gu)份有限(xian)公(gong)司的清算組應將清算方案(an)(an)提(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)大會通過(guo)。但是,有限(xian)責(ze)任(ren)公(gong)司的清算組成員(yuan)是由股(gu)(gu)東(dong)組成的,所以,無須提(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)會另行通過(guo)。將清算方案(an)(an)提(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)有關(guan)主管機關(guan)確(que)認(ren)的規定,適用于因(yin)違(wei)法而解散(san)的清算公(gong)司。
(4)另外,如果(guo)公司清(qing)(qing)(qing)算(suan)(suan)組在清(qing)(qing)(qing)理公司財產(chan)、編制資(zi)產(chan)負債(zhai)表和(he)財產(chan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)單時,發現公司財產(chan)不足清(qing)(qing)(qing)償債(zhai)務(wu)的(de),清(qing)(qing)(qing)算(suan)(suan)組有責(ze)任立即向(xiang)有管(guan)轄權的(de)人(ren)民法(fa)院申(shen)請(qing)宣告(gao)破產(chan)。經人(ren)民法(fa)院裁定(ding)宣告(gao)破產(chan)后(hou),清(qing)(qing)(qing)算(suan)(suan)組應當將清(qing)(qing)(qing)算(suan)(suan)事務(wu)移交人(ren)民法(fa)院。
2、了結公司債權、債務
(1)處理公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)未(wei)了(le)(le)結(jie)的(de)(de)業務(wu)。清算期間(jian),公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)不得開展新的(de)(de)經營活動(dong)。但是,公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)清算組為了(le)(le)清算的(de)(de)目的(de)(de),有權處理公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)尚未(wei)了(le)(le)結(jie)的(de)(de)業務(wu)。
(2)收取公司(si)債權(quan)。清算(suan)組(zu)應當及時向(xiang)公司(si)債務(wu)人(ren)要求(qiu)清償(chang)已(yi)經(jing)到期的公司(si)債權(quan)。對于未到期的公司(si)債權(quan),應當盡(jin)可能要求(qiu)債務(wu)人(ren)提前清償(chang),如果債務(wu)人(ren)不同意提前清償(chang)的,清算(suan)組(zu)可以通(tong)過轉讓債權(quan)等方法變相清償(chang)。
(3)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)償(chang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)算組通過清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)理公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)財(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)、編制資(zi)產(chan)(chan)負債(zhai)表(biao)和(he)財(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)單之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),確(que)認公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)現(xian)有的(de)財(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)和(he)債(zhai)權大于所欠債(zhai)務(wu)(wu),并且足(zu)以償(chang)還(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)全部債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)時,應(ying)(ying)當按(an)照(zhao)法定(ding)的(de)順(shun)序向(xiang)(xiang)債(zhai)權人清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)償(chang)債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)。首(shou)先,應(ying)(ying)當支付公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)算費(fei)用(yong),包括公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)財(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)的(de)評(ping)估、保管、變(bian)賣和(he)分配等所需的(de)費(fei)用(yong),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告費(fei)用(yong),清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)算組成員的(de)報酬,委(wei)托注冊(ce)會計師、律師的(de)費(fei)用(yong),以及訴訟(song)費(fei)用(yong)等;其次,支付職工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)和(he)勞動保險(xian)費(fei)用(yong);再次,繳納(na)所欠稅款;最(zui)后(hou)(hou)是(shi)(shi)償(chang)還(huan)其他(ta)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)。在(zai)(zai)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)償(chang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)時,應(ying)(ying)注意以下(xia)幾(ji)點:第(di)一(yi)(yi),償(chang)還(huan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)債(zhai)務(wu)(wu),一(yi)(yi)向(xiang)(xiang)沒有嚴(yan)格先后(hou)(hou)、順(shun)序之(zhi)(zhi)分,但是(shi)(shi),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)財(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)必須能夠清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)償(chang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)債(zhai)務(wu)(wu);第(di)二(er),在(zai)(zai)催告債(zhai)術人申報的(de)期限屆滿(man)前,公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)不(bu)得先行清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)償(chang)債(zhai)務(wu)(wu);第(di)三(san),在(zai)(zai)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)清(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)償(chang)全部公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)前,不(bu)得向(xiang)(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)股東(dong)分配公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)財(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)。
3、分(fen)配公司剩余財(cai)產
公司清償了全部公司債務之后,如果公司財產還有剩余的,清算組才能夠將公司剩余財產分配給股東。根據《公司法》第195條規定,有限責任公司按照各股東的出資比例進行分配;股份有限公司按照各股東持有的股份比例進行分配。取得公司剩余財產的分配權,是公司股東自益權的一項重要內容,是公司股東的基本權利。在分配方式上可采取貨幣分配、實物分配或者作價分配等形式,其基本要求是:既最大限度保護股東的權益,又體現出平等和公平分配原則。
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